The studies that discussed in this paper is about culture and globalization, ie, how when the cultural conditions faced with the fact of globalization. Based on the tutorial classes have been conducted, there are at least three approaches that discuss about how patterns of culture and globalization when they are faced with a correlative interaction. The approach is convergence, differentialism, and hybridization. In addition to the three approaches, there are some things that are still relevant, mainly as a form of operational and applicable from three perspectives, namely the problem of clash of civilization and global culture accompanied with the local culture.
When seeing the culture in the background of globalization, it seems important to remember that the operationalization of globalization has become a media. Operationalization of globalization can be seen from the technological advances that encourage the cooperation and interdependence. In addition, globalization is understood as a form of increased intensification of interactions between people, including the opening of this world of information which indicates that the world is no longer limited by distance and time. This confirms that globalization has become a media, to do with culture and culture is how it became one of the aspects involved in globalization, particularly on the development and prospects of the culture itself.
Culture interpreted by Footer (2000) as a union of behavior, practices, and beliefs that are useful in social functioning joints society. In this case the media involvement is very important as a tool in communicating the culture of the community. As such is the culture of dance, of course the media is needed either electronic, print, and concrete forms of media in communicating or informing other culture on society. The problem is, when the media then becomes an important aspect of cultural continuity, this could become an important study considering the influence of globalization and the power play in the media. This will be reflected in how a culture can live in globalization, which of course will talk about how patterns of interaction and the correlation between cultures and globalization.
There are three approaches to understanding the culture and globalization (Holton 2006), especially in mapping their relationship. First is homogenization, which is how the interaction of culture and globalization are placed in equality, ie fusion between the two in a culture that are convergent. This approach is also called a convergence perspective, in which culture and globalization go hand in hand with the unification between the two. From here we can see that the process of globalization has merged cultures becomes an identity without any difference anymore. This means that there is a cultural value that was adopted and affiliated with the system and process of globalization, so that what emerges is cultural uniformity or standardization, also known as a global culture.
For example of implementations of this convergent approach, homogenization, or is the term "Coca-Colonization" or "McDonaldization", which of the two adopted a fast-food presentation system that reflects the existence of economic globalization and the globalization of culture. Homogenization of fast food system was influenced by the existence of market expansion and also influenced by the needs, which cultural values are not just as a form of desire but also the needs. The downside of this approach can be seen from a resistance of global culture itself, for example, are cultural values that can not compete will be left behind and crushed automatically by a more robust cultural value, so that slowly will also threaten the existence of culture itself. But on the other hand, the impact was with the globalization of culture or global culture, will help lift and promote the culture itself.
The second approach of looking at globalization and culture is differentialism perspective. In general, this approach is seen that the process of globalization and culture go hand in hand without removing or merge the values of each culture itself. This is one side can be an opportunity for cultural existence, but on the other hand there is also vulnerability, namely the occurrence of conflict or conflict-the clash between cultural values from one to another, one is with the clash of civilization.
The third approach which is an intermediate form and adopt both, the first and second approach, namely hybridization or also known as mixing approach. The essence of this approach is in line with the values of cosmopolitanism, that is how later with the globalization of cultural pluralism in the middle capable of creating a harmonious conditions, with the aspects of tolerance, moral ethics, pluralism, universalism, and togetherness. The value of this cosmopolitanism is also understood as the entry of a new global culture into the national culture without eliminating or reducing the basic essence and substance of the culture itself. But in its implementation, it is clear that the value of cosmopolitanism located at the level of philosophical idealism is a value that is difficult to achieve.
Related correlation between globalization and culture, I try to give an outlook that is based on real conditions that exist. Globalization is operationalized through the advancement of technology, the border less region restrictions, has become an opportunity for opening and mixing a culture in the realm of complexity. From here can be logic that cultural identity is seen as an opening exposed to an increasingly complex mixture of cultures will create two options. First, conflict-a conflict between cultures are vulnerable to conflict, and the second is, the interdependence and mutually reinforcing between cultures with each other, where this option is I considered has a chance smaller than the first. But all of that will depend on how the meaning of the role and function of culture itself, and how in addressing the processes and the operationalization of globalization.
Scott D. Simon says that "the reality represents an interpretation", that its implementation in here is how we look at the culture itself. One expression is inferred by me, that the value of culture and cosmopolitanism in the context of globalization is a form of intersection between peace and war. Peace is an opportunity that may occur when cultures can live side by side in the middle of the process of globalization, but the war is the fact that there is in reality, because real culture often clash with one another because of differences in the value they contain. Value of cosmopolitanism in the midst of globalization and culture: an opportunity for a peace, but war is a reality.
Referensi
Footer, M. E. & Graber, C.B., 2000. Trade Liberalisation and Cultural Policy in Journal of International Economic Law, Vol. 3, No. 1.
Holton, R., 2006. Globalization’s Cultural Cosequences. SAGE Publications.
